今天在写zabbix storm job监控脚本的时候用到了python的redis模块,之前也有用过,但是没有过多的了解,今天看了下相关的api和源码,看到有ConnectionPool的实现,这里简单说下。
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在ConnectionPool之前,如果需要连接redis,我都是用StrictRedis这个类,在源码中可以看到这个类的具体解释:
- redis.StrictRedis Implementation of the Redis protocol.This abstract class provides a Python interface to all Redis commands and an
- implementation of the Redis protocol.Connection and Pipeline derive from this, implementing how the commands are sent and received to the Redis server
使用的方法:
1 2 | r=redis.StrictRedis(host=xxxx, port=xxxx, db=xxxx) r.xxxx() |
有了ConnectionPool这个类之后,可以使用如下方法
- r=redis.StrictRedis(host=xxxx, port=xxxx, db=xxxx)
- r.xxxx()
这里Redis是StrictRedis的子类
简单分析如下:
在StrictRedis类的__init__方法中,可以初始化connection_pool这个参数,其对应的是一个ConnectionPool的对象:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | class StrictRedis( object ): ........ def __init__( self , host = 'localhost' , port = 6379 , db = 0 , password = None , socket_timeout = None , socket_connect_timeout = None , socket_keepalive = None , socket_keepalive_options = None , connection_pool = None , unix_socket_path = None , encoding = 'utf-8' , encoding_errors = 'strict' , charset = None , errors = None , decode_responses = False , retry_on_timeout = False , ssl = False , ssl_keyfile = None , ssl_certfile = None , ssl_cert_reqs = None , ssl_ca_certs = None ): if not connection_pool: .......... connection_pool = ConnectionPool( * * kwargs) self .connection_pool = connection_pool |
在StrictRedis的实例执行具体的命令时会调用execute_command方法,这里可以看到具体实现是从连接池中获取一个具体的连接,然后执行命令,完成后释放连接:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | # COMMAND EXECUTION AND PROTOCOL PARSING def execute_command( self , * args, * * options): "Execute a command and return a parsed response" pool = self .connection_pool command_name = args[ 0 ] connection = pool.get_connection(command_name, * * options) #调用ConnectionPool.get_connection方法获取一个连接 try : connection.send_command( * args) #命令执行,这里为Connection.send_command return self .parse_response(connection, command_name, * * options) except (ConnectionError, TimeoutError) as e: connection.disconnect() if not connection.retry_on_timeout and isinstance (e, TimeoutError): raise connection.send_command( * args) return self .parse_response(connection, command_name, * * options) finally : pool.release(connection) #调用ConnectionPool.release释放连接 |
在来看看ConnectionPool类:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 | class ConnectionPool( object ): ........... def __init__( self , connection_class = Connection, max_connections = None , * * connection_kwargs): #类初始化时调用构造函数 max_connections = max_connections or 2 * * 31 if not isinstance (max_connections, ( int , long )) or max_connections < 0 : #判断输入的max_connections是否合法 raise ValueError( '"max_connections" must be a positive integer' ) self .connection_class = connection_class #设置对应的参数 self .connection_kwargs = connection_kwargs self .max_connections = max_connections self .reset() #初始化ConnectionPool 时的reset操作 def reset( self ): self .pid = os.getpid() self ._created_connections = 0 #已经创建的连接的计数器 self ._available_connections = [] #声明一个空的数组,用来存放可用的连接 self ._in_use_connections = set () #声明一个空的集合,用来存放已经在用的连接 self ._check_lock = threading.Lock() ....... def get_connection( self , command_name, * keys, * * options): #在连接池中获取连接的方法 "Get a connection from the pool" self ._checkpid() try : connection = self ._available_connections.pop() #获取并删除代表连接的元素,在***次获取connectiong时,因为_available_connections是一个空的数组, 会直接调用make_connection方法 except IndexError: connection = self .make_connection() self ._in_use_connections.add(connection) #向代表正在使用的连接的集合中添加元素 return connection def make_connection( self ): #在_available_connections数组为空时获取连接调用的方法 "Create a new connection" if self ._created_connections > = self .max_connections: #判断创建的连接是否已经达到***限制,max_connections可以通过参数初始化 raise ConnectionError( "Too many connections" ) self ._created_connections + = 1 #把代表已经创建的连接的数值+1 return self .connection_class( * * self .connection_kwargs) #返回有效的连接,默认为Connection(**self.connection_kwargs) def release( self , connection): #释放连接,链接并没有断开,只是存在链接池中 "Releases the connection back to the pool" self ._checkpid() if connection.pid ! = self .pid: return self ._in_use_connections.remove(connection) #从集合中删除元素 self ._available_connections.append(connection) #并添加到_available_connections 的数组中 def disconnect( self ): #断开所有连接池中的链接 "Disconnects all connections in the pool" all_conns = chain( self ._available_connections, self ._in_use_connections) for connection in all_conns: connection.disconnect() |
execute_command最终调用的是Connection.send_command方法,关闭链接为 Connection.disconnect方法,而Connection类的实现:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | class Connection( object ): "Manages TCP communication to and from a Redis server" def __del__( self ): #对象删除时的操作,调用disconnect释放连接 try : self .disconnect() except Exception: pass |
核心的链接建立方法是通过socket模块实现:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 | def _connect( self ): err = None for res in socket.getaddrinfo( self .host, self .port, 0 , socket.SOCK_STREAM): family, socktype, proto, canonname, socket_address = res sock = None try : sock = socket.socket(family, socktype, proto) # TCP_NODELAY sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1 ) # TCP_KEEPALIVE if self .socket_keepalive: #构造函数中默认 socket_keepalive=False,因此这里默认为短连接 sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_KEEPALIVE, 1 ) for k, v in iteritems( self .socket_keepalive_options): sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_TCP, k, v) # set the socket_connect_timeout before we connect sock.settimeout( self .socket_connect_timeout) #构造函数中默认socket_connect_timeout=None,即连接为blocking的模式 # connect sock.connect(socket_address) # set the socket_timeout now that we're connected sock.settimeout( self .socket_timeout) #构造函数中默认socket_timeout=None return sock except socket.error as _: err = _ if sock is not None : sock.close() ..... |
关闭链接的方法:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | def disconnect( self ): "Disconnects from the Redis server" self ._parser.on_disconnect() if self ._sock is None : return try : self ._sock.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR) #先shutdown再close self ._sock.close() except socket.error: pass self ._sock = None |
可以小结如下
1)默认情况下每创建一个Redis实例都会构造出一个ConnectionPool实例,每一次访问redis都会从这个连接池得到一个连接,操作完成后会把该连接放回连接池(连接并没有释放),可以构造一个统一的ConnectionPool,在创建Redis实例时,可以将该ConnectionPool传入,那么后续的操作会从给定的ConnectionPool获得连接,不会再重复创建ConnectionPool。
2)默认情况下没有设置keepalive和timeout,建立的连接是blocking模式的短连接。
3)不考虑底层tcp的情况下,连接池中的连接会在ConnectionPool.disconnect中统一销毁。
本文出自 “菜光光的博客” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://caiguangguang.blog./1652935/1583541
新闻名称:【博文推荐】Pythonredis链接建立实现分析
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